句子的八种基本类型
be的用法及四种句子类型?
be的用法及四种句子类型?
be动词的用法:
(一)系动词be
作为系动词(也叫连系动词,link verb)的be,是英语学习者接触最早的用法,而且其用法也很多。其基本含义为“是”,基本用法结构为“主语 be 表语”,也就是我们常说的主系表结构,其中的表语一般都由名词、形容词、数词或表地点、时间等的短语来充当。 系动词be有各种时态的变化,也会和情态动词连用。
1、be的时态变化 系动词be会有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等的时态变化。如:
He is a student.
They were in the park yesterday.
It will be cloudy tomorrow.
He has been ill for six days.
It had been three hours before she left the hat shop.
2、be与情态动词的连用 其用法为:情态动词 系动词be原形。如:
It must be Lucy#39s book. Her name is on the cover.
It can be very difficult for us to memorize too many words within such a short time.
She should be here on time tomorrow.
(二)助动词be
作为助动词,be没有具体含义,而是与主要动词一起构成句子的谓语动词。这种情况下,be主要用来构成进行时和被动语态。
1、进行时态中的be 此时,be可以与主要动词的现在分词一起,构成各种进行时态。如:
He is reading in the library now.(现在进行时)
She wasswimming in the river this time yesterday.(过去进行时)
They will be arriving in Beijing tomorrow.(将来进行时)
We have been learning English for ten years.(现在完成进行时)
2、被动语态中的be 助动词be能够与主要动词的过去分词一起构成被动语态,即be done结构。如:
Chinese iswidely used around the world nowadays.
The window wasbroken by the naughty boy just now.
Your watch has already beenrepaired.
【注意】 助动词be能够构成特殊句型。如:
1、be going to do be going to do表示“打算或将要”。如:
He isgoing to visit us next week. It isgoing to rain soon.
2、be about to do be about to do表示“刚要,即将”。与be going to do表“将要”不同的是,be about to do表示的是说完话后马上就要去做或是短期内马上就要去做。如:
The plane isabout to take off in five minutes#39 time.
3、be to do be to do表示“按计划要做”。如:
One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she wasto have this special boy. The new store isto be opened tomorrow.
(三)特殊句型中的be
1、There be句型 与上面用法都不同的是,be可以与there一起构成there be句型,用来表示存在。There be句型较为重要,内容较多,在此不做赘述,后面和大家分享,今天就先给几个常见的例句。 There is a white ruler on the desk. There were a great many people in the car race last year.
2、祈使句中的be 这种情况下,句子一般以Be开头或是Don#39t be开头,表示命令或建议等。如: Bepatient! (耐心点!) Don#39t be so hard on me! (不要对我们这么严厉!)
3、虚拟语气中的be be有时可以放在句首,引起虚拟语气。如:
Be he rich or poor, she will marry him.
Be it true or not, she will see it herself.
此时的be引导的句子其实相当于一个让步状语从句。以上两句话就相当于:
Whether he be rich or poor, she will marry him. (无论他是否有钱,她都会嫁给她。)
Whether it be true or not, she will see it herself. (无论这是否是真的,她都会亲自去见证。)
句子的结构有几种类型?
分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四类。
句子的结构类,即根据句子的结构特点分出的句子的类别。包括单句和复句,单句和复句又可以下分若干小类。
一个句子从不同的角度或标准看可以属于不同的类别,例如“你看电影吗?”是疑问句,又是单句、主谓句、动词谓语句。“下雨了。”是陈述句,又是单句、动词性非主谓句。
按照结构来分,句子可分为单句和复句,单句又可分为主谓句和非主谓句。依据谓语的性质,主谓句可分为动词性谓语句、形容词性谓语句、名词性谓语句和主谓谓语句。
非主谓句分为动词性非主谓句、形容词性非主谓句、名词性非主谓句、叹词非主谓句、拟声词非主谓句。复句详见第九节。下面着重分析主谓谓语句和几种较特殊的动词性谓语句。