discuss和discussion用法
表示名词词性的词缀？
表示名词词性的词缀？
词性转换----名词词缀
1.v ment 结尾
achieve---achievement
advertise--- advertisement// advertising
agree— agreement
adjust---adjustment
announce---announcement
amuse---amusement
arrange---- arrangement
astonish---astonishment
advertise---advertisement
assess---assessment
appoint---appointment
argue---argument
amaze—amazement
develop---development
equip ---equipment
employ---employment
entertain---entertainment
encourage---encouragement
govern—government
improve---improvement
judge---judgement
manage---management
move---movement
punish---punishment
require---requirement
state---statement
settle---settlement
treat---treatment
department
apartment
disappoint---disappointment
2．V tion/sion/ation 结尾
以t 结尾的单词,直接 ion -变成 tion
以te结尾的单词，变te 为tion
ssociate--association
adopt---adoption
attract—attraction
appreciate---appreciation
construct---construction
connect---connection
collect---collection
contribute---contribution congratulate----congratulation
celebrate---celebrationcommunicate---communication
direct---direction
donate---donation
discuss---discussion
devote---devotion
elect---election
exhibit---exhibition educate-----education
graduate—graduation
instruct---instruction
invent---invention
imitate---imitation
investigate--- investigation
locate---location
motivate---motivation
operate—operation
translate--- translation
promote---promotion
predict---prediction
prevent---prevention
protect---protection
pollute----pollution
participate---participation
suggest-suggestion
separate---separation
introduce—introduction
produce—production
reduce---reduction
变为ation ,
observe---observation
organize---organization
civilize---civilization
realize---realization
examine---examination determine---determination
declare---declaration
imagine---imagination
transport---transportation expect---expectation
adapt---adaptation
invite---invitation
starve---starvation
combine---combination
consider---consideration
explore---exploration
prepare---preparation
inspire---inspiration
communicate---communication
illustrate --illustration
limit---limitation
inform---information
变sion
discuss—discussion
express ----expression
impress—impression
possess---possession
conclude—conclusion
decide----decision
explode---explosion
divide---division
permit ----permission
admit—admission
emit---emission
特例：
add--- addition
admit---admission
occupy---occupation
apply---application
permit---permission
pronounce ---pronunciation
satisfy---satisfaction
destroy---destruction
compete—competition
describe—description
intend---intention
explain--explanation
satisfy--satisfaction
evolve---evolution
resolve -----resolution
solve-----solution
3．V ance / ence 结尾
appear—appearance 外貌，出现
perform----performance 演出
guide---guidance 指导
assist---assistance 帮助
enter---entrance 进入
allow—allowance 允许
insure--insurance
exist—existence存在
differ---difference 不同
refer---reference 参考
prefer---preference 偏爱
adj----n.
absen---absence
brilliant ---brilliance
confident---confidence
different---difference distant---distance
dominan---dominance diligent---diligence
evident---evidence elegant--- elegance
important---importance
ignorant ---ignorance
intelligent ---intelligence
patient---patience presence---present
significant ---significance
silent--- silence
violent ---violence
4．V ing 结尾
bathe 洗澡---bathing
end 结束----ending 结尾，结局
train 训练---training
mean ---- meaning 意义
say-----saying 谚语
paint---painting 绘画
farm---farming 农业
greet---greeting 问候
suffer---suffering 痛苦，苦难
feel---feeling
surround—surroundings
save---saving 存款
belong---belonging 财产
begin---beginning
hear---hearing
5. th结尾的名词
true—truth
wide—width
long—length
grow---growth
warm-warmth
dead—death
strong---strength
heal---health
6. –ness结尾的名词
happy—happiness
kind---kindness
aware---awareness
careless---carelessness
weak---weakness
lonely---loneliness
sad---sadness
lazy---laziness
ill ---illness
dark---darkness
7 –age 结尾的名词
marry---marriage
short---shortage
pass---passage
pack---package
8.- ure 结尾的名词
please---pleasure
depart---departure
press---pressure
fail---failure
英语自然拼读法基本规则？
自然拼读法基本规则:
1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).
l 五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每个发两种音：长音（其字母音）和短音l y不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音
2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)
如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音, 且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音.
如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等．
l Beginning Consonants
l Ending Consonants
l One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds
3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):
一个单词或音节里有两个元音时， 一般来说，前边一个元音发长音（其字母音）， 后边一个元音不发音．
如： make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等．
4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
l Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
l Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)
l Words ending in ll, ss, ff
l Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)
5. 特殊读法(1)– 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo
以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。
Examples:
l ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)
al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)
l ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight),
ed:
usays /ed/: patted, landed, lifted
usays /t/: walked, hopped, stopped
usays /d/: cried, played, chewed
l er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)
l ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ire
l oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,
oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),
ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow； 读音二：bow, low, blow, snow),
ou (shout, out, loud)
ould (could, would), ough (五种不同的读音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
ought, , ous (famous, nervous),
l ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
l tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression),
l ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le
6. 特殊读法(2)
l 如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾， 这个元音一般发长音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)．
如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。
l Y在末尾 (作为元音处理）（y at the end）：
u 单音节词, 没有其他元音，y发”I”(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as “I”)): my, why, fly, sky
u 多音节词, y发”E” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby，honey, crazy
7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word):
is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field…… 等.
它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死记硬背。
8. 特殊读法(4) – 辅音的特殊读法
l 有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)．
u Silent b: comb, lamb
u Silent h: ghost
u Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know…
u Silent w: write, wrist, wreck …
l